水蒸气对煤焦油模化物裂解行为及析碳的影响

采用机械化学法制备Ni-Ce/Al₂O₃催化剂，在固定床反应器中考察了水蒸气气氛对煤焦油模型化合物甲苯＋芘催化裂解行为的影响。根据产物生成规律提出了芘向萘转化的裂解机理，并以D₂O对其进行了验证。通过XRD、TG-DTG和Raman等表征了析碳的类型与结构特征。结果表明：相较于纯氮气气氛，水的加入可明显提升重质组分芘的裂解率，且随水碳比（S/C）增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，在S/C=0.15时达到最大值98.93%，比S/C=0时增加32.09%。析碳率随S/C比增加一直呈下降趋势，由S/C=0时的10.04%降至S/C=0.26时的5.39%。析碳分析结果表明，S/C=0时，生成的积炭类型主要是β型碳及γ型碳，水蒸气存在时，活性较高的α型碳含量增加，说明水蒸气的持续消碳作用抑制了C_α向C_β与C_γ方向转化。     

基于时间延迟的多类型维修与经济生产批量联合优化研究

针对目前未能较好的综合考虑多维修类型与经济生产批量联合优化的问题，首先考虑多类型维修关系，基于时间延迟理论求出故障和缺陷次数的表达式；其次，在此基础上，综合考虑生产费用和维修费用的基础上，构建了多类型维修和经济生产批量联合优化模型，以单位时间内总费用最小为优化目标，获得最优检查间隔期和经济生产批量；最后，通过算例分析验证了模型的有效性，说明了第一类缺陷检查次数的多少对费用和经济生产批量影响不大。     

AG2.0型超声波蒸发传感器遇低温结冰时记录的处理

文章分析了3a马尔康国家基准气候站AG2.0型超声波蒸发传感器观测数据,结果表明:蒸发传感器遇低温结冰时段自动观测数据偏大。对1d中部分时间段内蒸发水结冰、融化以及冬季全天结冰期很短的观测数据进行了分析,分析认为数据偏大主要是因为蒸发桶和测量筒的材料物理性质以及测量的水体面积不同。最后提出了数据记录处理建议。     

Managing inter-firm projects: A systematic review and directions for future research

Although the management of inter-firm projects is increasingly being researched in a wide range of academic fields (project management, alliances and networks, organization studies), the findings of these studies rarely cross theoretical boundaries. In the present study, a systematic literature review of 219 contributions from 26 years of academic research on managing inter-firm projects identifies 22 key management issues underlying its contributions. Based on a two-dimensional framework (project stage and analytical sphere), a structured and integrative synthesis of relevant studies is outlined. Based on these findings, future investigations are proposed to focus on dynamic, contextual and structural aspects of the management of inter-firm projects.     

新型建筑材料在建设工程中应用与发展趋势

随着我国改革开放不断深入,科技水平的不断提升,人们对美好生活的追求,促使建筑材料飞速发展,以适应环保、节能、轻质、安全、高效的需求,从而取代能耗多、污染大、防火等级低不安全的建筑材料。本文例举了当前一些新型建筑材料的应用特点,并阐述了新型建筑材料的发展趋势。     

发夹式换热器管束流致振动数值模拟研究

运用计算流体力学方法,采用ANSYS CFX软件对发夹式换热器的壳侧流场进行了三维数值模拟。流场计算中采用多孔介质模型对管束区域进行简化,分析了壳侧流场的速度分布,结果表明:直管段部分的流体湍流强度大于弯管段,且外层管束所在区域为高流速区,受流体冲刷严重。结合流场信息,通过功率谱生成随机激振力,采用ABAQUS软件模拟计算了湍流激振下管束的振动响应,结果显示管束的面外均方根位移远大于面内位移,且弯管部分的振动位移最大。该研究结果可为发夹式换热器的性能分析和优化设计提供参考和依据。     

An improved cuckoo search algorithm and its application in vibration fault diagnosis for a hydroelectric generating unit

This article presents an improved cuckoo search (ICS) algorithm based on the parametric adaptation mechanism and non-uniform mutation. In the ICS algorithm, the biased random walk operator is modified to take advantage of the neighbourhood information of the current solution, and then the control parameters of step size, discovery probability and scaling factor are directly integrated into the optimized problems. Meanwhile, the non-uniform mutation operation is used to adaptively tune the search step of the current optimal solution. To evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of the presented algorithm, three groups of benchmark test functions are employed to perform the validation analysis. Subsequently, to diagnose the vibration fault of a hydroelectric generating unit, a combinational model is built, which combines ICS with a back-propagation neural network (ICSBP). The experimental results indicate that ICS is competitive on the optimization problems, and the ICSBP approach can effectively improve the accuracy of vibration fault diagnosis for a hydroelectric generating unit.     

引水式水电站变顶高尾水洞水力特性和体型优化

考虑引水式水电站常用的有压尾水洞和变顶高尾水洞两类布置型式,采用基于特征线法的有压管道瞬变流分析模型和适用于明满流过渡过程分析的改进狭缝法模型,分别分析系统的过渡过程特性和尾水洞体型参数的敏感性,研究不同的尾水洞型式下尾水系统的水力特性,进一步揭示了变顶高尾水洞的底宽、洞高和顶坡对尾水管进口最小内水压力的影响规律。结果表明,与增大面积的有压尾水洞比较,变顶高尾水洞是一种可行的布置型式,可有效提高尾水管进口的最小内水压力且水锤过程衰减较快;合理增大变顶高尾水洞底宽、洞高或顶坡均可不同程度地改善尾水管进口最小内水压力,其中顶坡的影响相对明显,为体型优化设计提供了参考依据。     

What do stakeholders think about knowledge transfer offices? The perspective of firms and research groups in a regional innovation system

Knowledge transfer offices (KTOs) are required to adopt a comprehensive approach to managing a broad set of channels of university–industry collaboration, including collaborative research, business services, exchange of human resources and informal relations within a regional innovation system. The perspectives of firms and academic researchers, the main stakeholders of KTOs, are useful complements to assess KTO activity. The goal of this article is to study the effectiveness that these stakeholders attribute to KTOs. Based on survey data collected in the Spanish region of Andalusia, the article explores stakeholders’ perceptions and determinants. The results show that the level of engagement in a diversified range of activities and the importance attributed to knowledge transfer in the strategy of both research groups and firms are the best predictors of the perceived effectiveness of KTOs. The article also underlines specific differences between the two types of stakeholders.     

Novel electrospun polymer electrolytes incorporated with Keggin‐type hetero polyoxometalate fillers as solvent‐free electrolytes for lithium ion batteries

In this study, solvent‐free nanofibrous electrolytes were fabricated through an electrospinning method. Polyethylene oxide (PEO), lithium perchlorate and ethylene carbonate were used as polymer matrix, salt and plasticizer respectively in the electrolyte structures. Keggin‐type hetero polyoxometalate (Cu‐POM@Ru‐rGO, Ni‐POM@Ru‐rGO and Co‐POM@Ru‐rGO (POM, polyoxometalate; rGO, reduced graphene oxide)) nanoparticles were synthesized and inserted into the PEO‐based nanofibrous electrolytes. TEM and SEM analyses were carried out for further evaluation of the synthesized filler structures and the electrospun nanofibre morphologies. The fractions of free ions and crystalline phases of the as‐spun electrolytes were estimated by obtaining Fourier transform infrared and XRD spectra, respectively. The results showed a significant improvement in the ionic conductivity of the nanofibrous electrolytes by increasing filler concentrations. The highest ionic conductivity of 0.28 mS cm^?1 was obtained by the introduction of 0.49 wt% Co‐POM@Ru‐rGO into the electrospun electrolyte at ambient temperature. Compared with solution‐cast polymeric electrolytes, the electrospun electrolytes present superior ionic conductivity. Moreover, the cycle stability of the as‐spun electrolytes was clearly improved by the addition of fillers. Furthermore, the mechanical strength was enhanced with the insertion of 0.07 wt% fillers to the electrospun electrolytes. The results implied that the prepared nanofibres are good candidates as solvent‐free electrolytes for lithium ion batteries. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry